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Compiled from Grammar Builder, Book 3 |
The past perfect is:
Had + past participle
The rules of past perfect:
- Used to refer to an action or situation that
happened earlier, and the past
simple for an action or situation that took place later.
Eg Past
Simple + Past Perfect
- When we arrived, Peter had left. (= We did not
meet Peter.)
- When we reached
the theatre, the concert had begun.
(= We were late for the concert.)
Past
Perfect + Past Simple
·
Peter had left
when we arrived.
·
The concert had
begun when we reached the
theatre.
- Used with words like already, before and just
to refer to actions that were completed before a specific time in the
past.
- By the time I got to the bus stop yesterday, the bus had already left.
- The bus had left before I got to the bus stop yesterday.
- The bus had
just left when I got to the bus stop yesterday.
Important!
Verbs in the past perfect are formed in this
way:
Regular verb
- We had
discussed with our friends about our travel plans before we booked our
tickets.
Irregular verb
- The thief had
stolen the necklace before anyone noticed it was missing.
Verb ‘to be’
- When I arrived at the restaurant yesterday, I
knew I had been there before.
Verb ‘to have’
- We had had
our dinner when John invited us over to his house.
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